练习题（不计分）

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1. The study of how individuals, groups, and structure influence behavior within organizations is known as （）:
2. The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise is referred to as （）:
3. An individual's evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events are known as （）:
4. The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization is （）:
5. Intense feelings directed at someone or something are called （）:
6. The ability to perceive emotions in the self and others, understand the meaning of these emotions, and regulate one's emotions accordingly is （）:
7. The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others is their （）:
8. According to the Big Five Model, the dimension that refers to an individual's propensity to conform to others’ opinion or preference is called （）:
9. A personality trait characterized by pragmatism, emotional distance, and the belief that ends can justify means is （）:
10. You observe a colleague successfully completing a challenging project ahead of schedule. If you believe their success is primarily due to their high level of skill, intelligence, and strong work ethic, attribution theory would classify your explanation as a(n) （）:
11. The process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment is （）:
12. Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs (for example, because someone is black so you assume he is no different than the black persons you saw on TV and online) is known as （）:
13. Imagine if your parents see you not willing to go to school and they blame you for being “lazy” but in fact you are not feeling well that day. The fact that your parents jumped to conclusions about your character while failing to consider the potential impact of the situation is known as （）:
14. A decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some outcome is the （）:
15. Captain Eva Rostova, a veteran pilot, unexpectedly saw the airplane she was flying sounding multiple alarms. Instead of methodically working through every diagnostic checklist item by item, which would take too long, Eva made instantaneous adjustments which quickly brought the aircraft under control. The cognitive characteristic of Captain Rostova's decision-making process is best described as （）:
16. Which theory focuses on the needs for achievement, power, and affiliation? （）
17. Which theory focuses on the hiararchy of needs for survival, achievement, and affiliation? （）
18. According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, factors such as company policy, supervision, and salary are considered （）:
19. The theory that argues that behavior is a function of its consequences and therefore, reward enhances likelihood of the action being repeated and vice versa for punishment, is known as （）:
20. The Job Characteristics Model (JCM) includes which of the following core job dimensions? （）
21. Two or more individuals interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives, form a（）:
22. Acceptable standards of behavior shared by a group's members are known as （）:
23. The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually is called （）:
24. A university department committee is tasked with revising the undergraduate curriculum, the department head wants to ensure that all faculty members, regardless of rank or outspokenness, have an equal opportunity to contribute ideas and that the final recommendations are well-considered and have broad support. which group decision-making strategy would likely be the most effective? （）
25. The ability to perceive your boss has been negatively affected by the situation and is about to display negative emotional disturbance is （）:
26. A system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations is （）:
27. The leadership theory that distinguishes leader’s inner group of subordinates and out-group ones is （）:
28. Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements are known as （）:
29. The capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B, so that B acts in accordance with A's wishes, is （）:
30. Activities that are not required as part of one's formal role in the organization, but that influence the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization, are known as （）:
1. Human beings are simple in nature and, thus, simple, universal principles explain all kinds of organizational behavior.
2. Creating a satisfied workforce guarantees successful organizational performance.
3. Leaders are perceived as more effective when they share positive emotions and followers are more creative in a positive emotional environment.
4. According to the Big Five Model, if one is strong on the emotional stability dimension then the person is more likely to emerge as a leader, and the person is more likely to be a successful leader.
5. According to attribution theory, if a behavior scores low on consensus and low on distinctiveness, we tend to consider it as an internally caused behavior.
6. Expectancy theory suggests that employees will be motivated to exert a high level of effort when they believe that it will lead to a good performance appraisal, that a good appraisal will lead to organizational rewards, and that the rewards will satisfy their personal goals.
7. The Pygmalion effect is not a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.
8. In the punctuated-equilibrium model, the first step involves a meeting which sets the group's direction and then a framework of behavioral patterns and assumptions through which the group will approach its project.
9. Role expectations at work are often conveyed through the psychological contract.
10. Transactional and transformational leadership are opposing approaches.
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